Are You a Slacker? Do You Think You're One? You Might Die Sooner Than Your Friends

Do you take your time when there's a project due?  Are you the last to any meeting?  Do you wait until your friends choose a place for lunch, then go along if you like it?

Are you a slacker?

Watch out, says a new study, according to newswise.com. 

Feeling less active than your peers is associated with an earlier death, the study says.

People who think they’re less active than others their age have a greater chance of dying younger than people who perceive themselves as more active, even if their actual activity levels are the same, according to research published by the American Psychological Association. 

People who believed they weren’t as active as their peers were 71 percent more likely to die during the study’s follow-up period than were people who believed they had a more active lifestyle, the study said. This result remained even after controlling for actual amounts of activity, chronic illnesses, age and other demographic and health factors. 

“Most people know that not exercising enough is bad for your health,” says Octavia Zahrt, PhD,, a doctoral candidate at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. “But most people do not know that thinking you are not exercising enough can also harm your health.”

Study participants answered a variety of questions about their level of activity. In two of the samples, actual physical activity was determined via self-reports, where the participants indicated the types of activities they had done in the recent past, including frequency, duration and intensity. In the other sample, participants wore a device called an accelerometer that measured their real-time activity levels for a week. In addition, participants reported their perceived level of physical activity by answering the question, “Would you say that you are physically more active, less active, or about as active as other persons your age?”

Now I'm well into middle age (some might even say, elderly) and I swim a mile a day or run four miles, so I guess that puts me in the no-slacker line.  But even doing all that, I was diagnosed twice with breast cancer, so who really knows?

Not surprisingly, participants’ perceptions about physical activity did not closely mirror their actual activity levels. “Our perceptions about how much exercise we are getting and whether or not we think that exercise is adequate are influenced by many factors other than how much exercise we are actually getting,” adds Zahrt. “For example, if you live in an area where most of your peers are really fit, you might perceive yourself as relatively inactive, even though your exercise may be sufficient. Or if you believe that only running or working out at the gym count as real exercise, you may overlook the exercise you are getting at work or at home cleaning and carrying kids around.”

Variables such as age, gender, marital status and other categories were statistically accounted for in the analyses showing that perceptions about physical activity significantly correlated with mortality.

How do perceptions have such powerful effects? There are several possible pathways, according to the authors. One pathway is the placebo effect: many research studies show that active drugs are less effective if we don’t know that we have taken them. “Following this logic, points out Alia Crum, assistant professor of psychology and director of the Mind and Body Lab at Stanford University. “Since placebo effects are very robust in medicine, it is only logical to expect that they would play a role in shaping the benefits of behavioral health as well.”

Another pathway is that when people perceive that they are doing worse than their peers, they become depressed, fearful and less active, according to the authors. These experiences, in turn, can worsen health.

“Many Americans think that the only healthy physical activity is vigorous exercise in a gym or on a track,” Crum notes. “Our research suggests that perceiving everyday activities as good exercise is almost as important as doing the activities in the first place. In the pursuit of health and longevity, it is important not only to adopt healthy behaviors but also healthy thoughts.”